What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?

In genetic engineering, the primary function of a vector is to introduce extra genes into an organism's genome. Vectors are essentially vehicles used to carry foreign genetic material into a host organism's cells, enabling the expression or integration of new genes that can provide beneficial traits. These vectors can take various forms, such as plasmids, viruses, or artificial chromosomes, each designed to facilitate the delivery of the genetic material efficiently.

The use of vectors is crucial in many biotechnological applications, including the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), gene therapy, and the production of recombinant proteins. By incorporating new genes through vectors, scientists can manipulate biological functions, enhance certain characteristics, or provide the host organism with new capabilities, such as resistance to diseases or improved metabolic functions.

While some options deal with various aspects of genetic manipulation, they do not accurately represent the primary role of a vector in genetic engineering. For instance, destroying unwanted genes, enhancing immune responses, or regulating gene expression are outcomes that may result from genetic modifications but are not the direct function of vectors themselves. The essential role of vectors focuses on the introduction of additional genetic material into the genome, making this option the most accurate in this context.