What specifies the effectiveness of a cochlear implant for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss?

The effectiveness of a cochlear implant for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss primarily depends on the function of the cochlear nerve. Cochlear implants are designed to bypass damaged hair cells in the cochlea and directly stimulate the auditory nerve, which is responsible for transmitting sound signals to the brain. If the cochlear nerve is functional, the implant can successfully convert sound into electrical signals that the auditory nerve can interpret, thus providing hearing restoration.

In contrast, the condition of the outer ear and health of the middle ear largely pertain to conductive hearing problems rather than sensorineural issues. While the integrity of the auditory nerve is important, it is the cochlear nerve's function that is critical for the purpose of cochlear implants, as they rely on the ability to stimulate the nerve directly within the cochlea.