Which medical procedure uses extreme cold to treat tissue?

Cryosurgery is the medical procedure that employs extreme cold to treat tissue. This technique involves applying freezing temperatures to target and destroy abnormal tissues, such as tumors or precancerous cells, by inducing ice crystal formation within the cells. The extreme cold leads to cell death and subsequently the tissue is resorbed by the body over time.

The method is particularly effective in treating certain skin lesions, cancerous tumors, and various other conditions where localized destruction of tissue is needed without the extensive damage associated with traditional surgical methods. The precise control over the freezing process helps to minimize damage to the surrounding healthy tissues.

In contrast, other procedures like electrosurgery use electrical currents to cut tissue or coagulate bleeding, laser surgery utilizes focused light energy, and surgical excision involves cutting out tissue with instruments. None of these techniques employ extreme cold as a means of treatment.