Which of the following is NOT a metabolic disorder typically screened for in newborns?

Newborn screening programs are designed to identify metabolic, genetic, and endocrine disorders early in life to prevent serious health complications. Congenital hypothyroidism, sickle cell disease, and galactosemia are widely recognized conditions for which newborns are routinely screened due to their significant impact on health if left undiagnosed.

Congenital hypothyroidism is tested because it can lead to intellectual disability and growth failure if untreated. Sickle cell disease is screened for to prevent severe complications such as pain crises and infections in affected individuals. Galactosemia screening is important to identify infants who cannot properly metabolize galactose, which can lead to liver failure and developmental issues if not managed through dietary intervention.

In contrast, diabetes mellitus is not typically screened for in newborns as part of routine newborn screening. This condition usually presents later in childhood or adulthood and is generally screened for based on risk factors or symptoms, rather than as a standard part of newborn screening. Therefore, while managing diabetes is crucial, it does not fall into the category of metabolic disorders routinely screened for at birth.